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Sir Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood, 1st Baronet, (9 May 1801 – 12 April 1866)〔 was an English landowner, developer and Member of Parliament, who founded the town of Fleetwood, in Lancashire, England. Born Peter Hesketh, he changed his name by Royal assent to Hesketh-Fleetwood, incorporating the name of his ancestors, and was later created Baronet Fleetwood. Predeceased by an older brother, he inherited estates in west Lancashire in 1824. Inspired by the transport developments of the early 19th century, he decided to bring the railway to the Lancashire coast and develop a holiday resort and port. He hired architect Decimus Burton to design his new town, which he named Fleetwood; construction began in 1836. Hesketh-Fleetwood was instrumental in the formation of the Preston and Wyre Railway Company and with his financial support, a railway line was built between Preston and Fleetwood which opened in 1840. Hesketh-Fleetwood married twice and had several children, most of whom died in infancy. His new town flourished, but the expense of building it left him close to bankruptcy and forced him to sell most of his estates including Rossall Hall, which had been his family home. He left Lancashire and died in London, succeeded by his son Louis. ==Early life and family== Peter Hesketh was born in 1801 at Wennington Hall, in Wennington, near Lancaster, the second son of Robert and Maria (née Rawlinson) Hesketh.〔 He had an older brother, Edward, a younger brother, Charles, and a younger sister, Anna.〔 He was descended (through his paternal grandmother) from the Fleetwood family who had owned the large Rossall estate in West Lancashire for over 200 years. Robert inherited the estate in 1819 on the death of his elder brother, Bold, and the family relocated to the manor house, Rossall Hall, on the Fylde coast. On Robert's death in 1824, the estate passed to Peter, his elder brother Edward having predeceased him in 1820.〔 By that time the family's land extended from Heysham in the north, to North Meols, near Southport, in the south, and encompassed most of the Fylde.〔 Hesketh was educated, along with his younger brother Charles, at Trinity College, Oxford. Although Charles was a studious young man, who planned to enter the church on graduation, Peter had an active social life in both Oxford and London. He holidayed in southern resorts including St Leonards-on-Sea, a new development in Sussex, where he admired the work of architect James Burton.〔 He became close friends with Burton's son Decimus, who was also an architect.〔 The two men were involved in the formation of London's Athenaeum Club and Burton designed the club's building in Pall Mall.〔 Hesketh received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1823 and his Master of Arts degree in 1826.〔 That same year, he married Eliza Debonnaire Metcalfe, the daughter of Sir Theophilus Metcalfe, 2nd Baronet, commonly known by her middle name.〔〔 Debonnaire's father gave the couple a house in Dover, but they also spent time at the Rossall estate.〔 The couple were very close to Charles and his new wife Anna, and their sister Anna, and her husband Thomas Knowlys.〔 Charles was ordained in 1828 and as patron of St Chad's Church in Poulton-le-Fylde, Peter presented his brother with that curacy.〔〔 Hesketh enjoyed looking after the Rossall estate (which had no steward or agent), but struggled to keep on top of finances; he was an indulgent landlord.〔 He became an enthusiastic member of the Lancashire Agricultural Society and was concerned about the fate of local farm workers who were losing their jobs because of increased mechanisation.〔 Hesketh was gradually becoming more interested in the lives and conditions of the working classes.〔〔 The Heskeths' first child, Anna Maria (known as Maria to distinguish her from three close relatives named Anna), was born in 1827.〔 Three more children—named Metcalfe Bold,〔 Debonnaire and Frances—all died in infancy.〔 In 1831 Hesketh changed his name by royal license to Hesketh-Fleetwood, incorporating the better-known family name of his ancestors into his own.〔 Debonnaire contracted tuberculosis and died in early 1833.〔〔 Shortly before Debonnaire's death Hesketh-Fleetwood contracted scarlet fever. This was followed by erysipelas, a bacterial infection so severe that it necessitated the removal of one of his eyes.〔 At the end of the year, the Rossall estate was severely flooded and suffered damage costing about £3,000 to repair. Hesketh-Fleetwood subsequently spent very little time at Rossall.〔 In 1837 in Belgium, Hesketh-Fleetwood married Virginie Marie Garcia, the daughter of a Spanish nobleman.〔 Maria, his daughter with Debonnaire, contracted tuberculosis and died in 1838 at Regent's Park, aged 11.〔〔 She was interred in a glass coffin in the family vault at St Chad's, Poulton.〔 Around the same time as Maria's death, Virginie gave birth to a son, Peter Louis.〔 In 1841, on the death of his aunt, Anna Maria Hesketh, Hesketh-Fleetwood succeeded to Tulketh Hall in Preston.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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